SULTAN PLECO (L-264 LEPORACANTHICUS JOSELIMAI)

The Sultan Pleco, scientifically known as Leporacanthicus joselimai (L264), is a unique and visually striking armored catfish native to Brazil’s Rio Tapajos basin. Often called a vampire pleco due to its hook-like teeth, it’s a medium-sized, omnivorous fish that thrives in fast-flowing, well-oxygenated waters. 

Short Description

Sometimes referred to as vampire plecos due to their two fang-like teeth used for grasping prey, the Sultan Pleco is a visually striking member of the Loricariidae family. Known for their dark bodies adorned with white or pale spots, they are among the most attractive plecos. These fish prefer high water quality and slightly acidic to neutral water conditions. They are more active in small groups, but the tank must be large enough for each fish to establish its own territory.

To replicate their natural environment, provide bogwood and rocks to create hiding spots and reduce stress. Dim lighting is preferred, as bright lighting can cause them to become reclusive. Adding powerheads to the aquarium is recommended to mimic the fast-flowing waters of their natural habitat and to ensure proper oxygenation. Suitable tank mates include South American cichlids or other species that thrive in similar water conditions, as Sultan Plecos can be territorial, especially as they mature. They are best housed with tank mates that occupy higher water levels to avoid territorial disputes.

Food and Feeding

The Sultan Pleco is an omnivore with varying dietary needs throughout its life stages. As juveniles, they are more herbivorous, favoring algae and plant matter, while adults require a higher intake of protein. Offer a quality flake or pellet food as their staple diet, supplemented with algae wafers. Twice a week, provide treats of live or frozen foods like krill, bloodworms, or brine shrimp. These protein-rich treats are particularly beneficial for mature fish. Feeding in the evening or after lights are dimmed is recommended, as they are naturally nocturnal.

Sexing

Sexing mature Sultan Plecos can be done by observing physical traits. Males typically have a broader and longer head shape, more vivid coloration, and a larger dorsal fin than females. These differences become more pronounced during the breeding season.