Turkana jewel cichlid (Rubricatochromis exsul)

turkana jewel cichlid care guide

scientific name: Rubricatochromis exsul
common name: Turkana Jewel Cichlid

general overview

The Turkana Jewel Cichlid (Rubricatochromis exsul) is a vibrant and rare African cichlid native to the Turkana Basin of Kenya. It’s one of the lesser-known members of the jewel cichlid group, prized for its metallic red and blue coloration, fiery breeding colors, and active behavior.

Compared to the more common Hemichromis bimaculatus, R. exsul tends to be slightly more peaceful and smaller, making it a great choice for experienced hobbyists seeking a colorful African species outside of the rift lake varieties.

aquarium setup & water parameters

The Turkana Jewel prefers stable, clean water and benefits from well-oxygenated conditions with moderate flow. Provide plenty of hiding spots to reduce aggression, especially during breeding.

temperament & compatibility

While generally less aggressive than other jewel cichlids, Rubricatochromis exsul can still become territorial during spawning.

best kept as:

• A bonded pair in a species tank

• Or in a larger, well-structured community with robust, similarly sized African fish

compatible tankmates:

• Rift lake species of similar temperament (e.g., peaceful mbuna or haplochromines)

• Medium barbs, rainbowfish, or Congo tetras

• Avoid small, timid species or other aggressive cichlids

diet & feeding

Turkana Jewels are omnivorous, with a preference for protein-rich foods. They are eager feeders and thrive on a varied diet.

recommended foods:

• High-quality cichlid pellets or flakes

• Frozen or live foods (bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia)

• Occasional spirulina-based foods or vegetable matter

Feed once or twice daily in small portions they can consume within a few minutes.

breeding information

Rubricatochromis exsul is a biparental substrate spawner, meaning both parents care for the eggs and fry.

breeding setup:

• Flat rocks or broad leaves as spawning sites

• Slightly warmer water (around 27 °C / 80 °F)

• Dim lighting and reduced current

The female typically lays 100–200 eggs, which are guarded by both parents. Eggs hatch in about 3–4 days, and fry are free-swimming after a week. Feed fry with baby brine shrimp or crushed flake food.

Parental care is strong but can turn aggressive toward tankmates — separating the pair during breeding is often recommended.

maintenance & care tips

• Perform regular water changes (25–30% weekly) to maintain top water quality.

• Provide visual barriers and caves to minimize stress and aggression.

• Avoid mixing with similar-looking species to prevent hybridization.

• Use fine sand to allow natural digging and spawning behavior.

key facts summary